Harakat
Arabic letters are consonants and they don’t read on its own. The letters are spoken by the following signs on the top or bottom. We call this signs as harakat which means movement.
There are three harakat; fatha, kasrah, and damma.
Fatha 
The Fatha sign is a small line placed above a letter. The Fatha enables the letter to produce the soft letters (blue boxes) with a short “a” sound except ع – ر – ح.
If the Fatha sign on the gruff letters (green boxes) produce a slightly more “o” sound.
a in care / and
Ba in Bad
Ta in Tan / Metal
Tha in Thanks
Ja in January / Jam
kha in Bach (name)
Da in Dad / Dash
Tha in That
Ru in Rubber
Za in Zambia / Zigzag
Sa in Sand
Sha in Shadow
Su in Subject
Du in Double
To in Ton / Tough
Z in the name Zorro
No equivalent sound in English
Gh in Ghandi (name)
Fa in Fat
Ka in the name Kate
Ca in Cat
la
La in Land
Ma in Man
Na in National
Wa in Wax
Ha in Hat / Has
Ya in Yahoo
Kasrah
The Kasrah sign is a small line placed below a letter. The Kasrah gives the “ee” sound as in “deed” to the letter that it accompanies and if the letter is a soft letter (blue boxes) it reads light and if it is a gruff letter (green boxes)that it accompanies it gives a thicker “e” sound as in “soccer”.
E in indian
Be in Beat
Te in Team
Thi in Think
Ge in Gym
hi in hit
hi in hill
De in Deep
Thi in This
Ri in Marine
zi in Zigzag
Se in Sea
She in Ship
si in silk
di in divine
ti in tilde / theory
ze in zebra
No equivalent sound
No equivalent sound
Fi in Finger
qi in qibla
Ke in Keep
Li in List
Me in Mechanic
Ne in Need
We in Wedding
Hi in His
Ye in Yellow or Year
Damma
The Dammah sign is a small curl placed above a letter and it enables the letter to produce a short “u” sound.
The sign on the letters produce the soft letters (blue boxes) with an “u” sound like juice, Tunusia, june. The gruff letters (green boxes) produce a slightly more “o” sound like Quran, root.
O in Tour
Bo in Book
Tu in Tunisia
Tho in Thought
Ju in Juice
Ho in Hoot
hu in Juan (name)
Do in Doll
Tho in Those
Ro in Root
Zo in Zoo
So in Solution
Sho in Shoe
Su in Sun
Du in Double
To in Tongue
Zo in Zorro (name)
No equivalent sound
No equivalent sound
Fo in Food
Qu in Quran
Qu in Quran
Lo in Lose
Mo in Mobile
No in Note
Wo in Woo
Ho in Hope
Yo in You
Test Yourself
(in Sand)
(in Thanks)
(in the name Kate)
ce
(in Man)
(in Hat)
(in divine)
(in team)
(in qibla)
(in hill)
(in Finger)
(in Yellow)
(in Food)
(in the name Zorro)
(in Lose)
(in Root)
(in Hoot)
(in Subject)
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